System and method for positioning a probe

ABSTRACT

An adapter couples a length of optical fiber to a hollow probe and to an optical coherence tomography instrument. The length of optical fiber may be greater than the length of the adapter itself. The optical fiber is fixed to an optical coupler at a proximal end of the adapter and may be maintained in a curved configuration by features located in an internal cavity of the adapter. An optical fiber advance mechanism be used to advance and/or retract the length of optical fiber to align it within the hollow probe.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to medical probes. In particular, theinvention relates to a system for positioning a medical probe.

2. Description of Related Art

There are many medical procedures that require the insertion of a probeor needle along a specific path or to a specific location within thehuman body. The execution of these procedures often relies solely uponthe vision and tactile sense of the practitioner For example, ahypodermic needle may be inserted into the jugular vein of a patient asa prelude to catheritization. Incorrect insertion of a hypodermic needleinto the jugular may result in a punctured lung or other complications,thus, a post catheritization X-ray is frequently taken to verify thesuccess of the procedure.

Realtime visual information (e.g., ultrasound imaging) regardinginternal tissue structures is helpful in avoiding complications duringmedical procedures; however, realtime imaging techniques may make aprocedure significantly more complex. Also, additional personnel or anincreased amount of time may also be required.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is frequently used for realtimeimaging and may be integrated with a number of instruments. Suchintegrated instruments typically require sterilization before reuse andthus are not well suited to high-volume procedures.

Thus, a need exists for a system and method for positioning a probe thatdoes not require sterilization before reuse. There is also a need for asystem and method for positioning a probe that is suitable for use inhigh-volume procedures.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an adapter that couples one or moreoptical fibers to a hollow probe. The adapter contains a length ofoptical fiber that is longer than the adapter itself. The optical fibermay be extended into the hollow probe.

In one embodiment of the invention the length of optical fiber is fixedto an optical coupler at a proximal end of the adapter and is maintainedin a curved configuration by features located in an internal cavity ofthe adapter.

In further embodiment, a conical needle adapter at the distal end of theadapter is configured to accept a hypodermic needle. The conical adaptermay have a Luer taper.

In another embodiment, a pair of rollers are used to advance the lengthof optical fiber. The rollers may be composite with a hard core and softsurface, and may also be sealed with in the adapter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a top perspective view of an optical probe adapter inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B shows a top view of the optical probe adapter of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1C shows a front view of the optical probe adapter of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1D shows a front perspective exploded view of the optical probeadapter of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1E shows a back perspective exploded view of the optical probeadapter of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A shows an optical probe adapter with an attached hypodermicneedle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2B shows an alignment of an optical fiber at the tip of an attachedhypodermic needle in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a probe positioning system in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart diagram for a method embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1A shows a top perspective view 100 of an embodiment of an opticalprobe adapter. The optical probe adapter 100 has a optical fiber coupler105 at the proximal end and a probe coupler 125 at the distal end. Afiber receiver 110 and cover 115 serve as a handle and also as a housingfor an optical fiber, or optical fiber bundle.

FIG. 1B shows a top view 101 of the optical probe adapter of FIG. 1A. Aknob 120 provides a means of advancing or retracting the fiber housedwithin the optical fiber adapter. The probe coupler 125 has a conicaltaper 130 that accepts a probe (e.g., hypodermic needle). The conicaltaper 130 may be a Luer taper. A Luer lock or other interlockingconnector may be used in conjunction with the probe coupler 125.However, since the optical probe adapter is only temporarily coupled tothe probe, ease of removal is desired so that the probe position is notperturbed during removal.

FIG. 1C shows a front view 102 of the optical probe adapter of FIG. 1A.The optical fiber coupler 105 has two optical fiber terminals 140. Inalternative embodiments, the optical fiber coupler 105 may have agreater or lesser number of optical fiber terminals.

The optical fiber coupler 105 has two detents 135 that provide a meansfor locking the coupler into a mated connector. There are many types ofoptical fiber couplers that may be used. However, most conventionaloptical fiber adapters are designed for many make-and-break connections.For disposable or single use optical probe adapters, it is preferablethat the optical fiber coupler 105 be kept mechanically simple. Anycomplexity associated with obtaining a reliable connection should residein the non-disposable component with which the optical coupler 105 maybe mated.

FIG. 1D shows a front perspective exploded view 103 of the optical probeadapter of FIG. 1A. An optical fiber bundle 140 is connected to theoptical fiber coupler 105. In other embodiments, a single fiber may besubstituted for the optical fiber bundle 140. The optical fiber bundle140 resides in a cavity 145 in the receiver 110. The cavity 145 has aseries of radiused edges 150 that allow the optical fiber bundle to becompactly housed.

In general, housing of the optical fiber bundle 140 requires that atleast a portion of the optical fiber bundle 140 be stored in a curvedconfiguration. For efficient packing at least one portion will typicallyhave an arc of at least 90 degrees and may have a variable radius. Thelength of the optical bundle that is ultimately advanced through theprobe coupler 125 is derived from the straightening of a curved portion.Although spirals or coils may also be used as housing configurations forthe optical fiber bundle 140, the serpentine configuration shown in FIG.1D has the advantage of avoiding twisting of the fiber during assemblyand use. An arc length of 180 degrees is used in the serpentineconfiguration.

The optical fiber 140 is advanced and retracted by a drive roller 160acting against a pinch roller 170. The driver roller 160 has a softouter covering 164 that reduces localized stress in the area of contactwith the optical fiber bundle 140. Similarly, the pinch roller 170 has asoft outer covering 172. The conformation of the soft outer coverings164 and 172 with the optical fiber bundle 140 increases the contact areaand the overall friction that provides the force for advancing andretracting the optical fiber bundle 140. In alternative embodimentsother fiber advancing mechanisms may be used.

An optional gasket 175 provides a seal between the face of the driveroller 160 and the cover 115. Alternatively, a seal may be establishedbetween the drive roller axle portion 165 a and the surface of the driveroller axle bore 180. A keyway 162 in the driver roller bearing portionaccepts a key 168 (FIG. 1E) that transmits torque applied to the knob120.

The receiver 110 includes a drive roller axle bearing cavity 166 a and apinch roller axle bearing cavity 176 a. The drive roller axle bearingcavity 166 a and a pinch roller axle bearing cavity 176 a are blindcavities; however, through holes may be used in other embodiments.

An optional storage cavity 155 provides a volume adjacent to driveroller 160 and pinch roller 170. Upon retraction, the optical fiberbundle 140 will not easily resume its initial configuration and thestorage cavity provides a local storage site. Although retraction maynot be required to complete a particular medical procedure, it may bedesirable to retract the optical fiber 140 for easier handling.

FIG. 1E shows a back perspective exploded view of the optical probeadapter of FIG. 1A. The cover 115 has an optional storage cavity 155similar to that associated with the receiver 110. The cover 115 includesa drive roller axle bearing cavity 166 b and a pinch roller axle bearingcavity 176 b.

An axle 174 supports pinch roller 170. Since it is desirable to minimizeresistance to rotation, it is preferable that axle 174 not be fixed topinch roller 170. In contrast, drive roller axle portions 165 a and 165b are integrated with drive roller 160. A minimum resistance to rotationis desirable in the drive roller 160 so that it can hold the opticalfiber 140 in a fixed position after alignment.

A key 168 transmits the torque applied to knob 120 to the pinch roller160. The knob 120, key 168, and drive roller 160 may be fabricated as anintegrated unit or as components that are separable in whole or in part.A removable knob 120 and key 168 are desirable when they would interferewith positioning of an attached probe after extension of the opticalfiber bundle 140.

FIG. 2A shows a perspective view 200 of an embodiment of an opticalprobe adapter 205 with an attached hypodermic needle 210. In alternativeembodiments a cylindrical cross-section may be substituted for therectangular cross-section. Although the rectangular cross-sectionminimizes the size of the optical probe adapter, the radial symmetry ofa cylindrical cross-section may provide greater ease of handling.

Although the hypodermic needle 210 is shown as shorter than the opticalprobe adapter 205, the hypodermic needle 210 may be longer than theoptical probe adapter 205. For example, the optical probe adapter mayhave a length of about 10 centimeters and the hypodermic needle may havea length of 10 to 15 centimeters. FIG. 2B shows an alignment of anoptical fiber 240 at the tip of the attached hypodermic needle 210 ofFIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram 300 of an embodiment of a probe positioningsystem. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument 305 a providesillumination and receives a reflected light signal through an opticfiber 310 that has a connector 315. The optical coherence tomography(OCT) instrument 305 a may be a battery powered portable instrument. Theconnector 315 mates to the optical fiber adapter 320 via the fiber opticcoupler 320 a. The housing 320 b contains a length of optical fiber thatmay be advanced to align with the distal tip 330 of a probe 325.

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart diagram 400 for an embodiment of a method forinserting a probe using a system similar to that shown in FIG. 3. Atstep 405 an optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument is attached toan optical fiber probe adapter. This connection will typically be madeusing a cable. A probe is also attached to the optical fiber probeadapter. The probe may be connected by a simple press fit or it may beconnected by a mechanical interlock such as a thread, bayonet, or twistlock.

At step 410 the optical fiber is advanced from the optical fiber probeadapter and aligned within the probe. Generally, the optical fiber willbe advanced to the vicinity of the distal tip of the probe. However, ifa portion of the probe is transparent, the optical fiber may resideentirely within the probe.

At step 415 the probe is inserted to the desired location using thevisual image provided by the OCT instrument. Probes for procedures suchas catheterization and nerve blocks may be inserted with the opticalfiber probe adapter.

At step 420 the probe is disconnected from the optical fiber probeadapter. The probe may be disconnected without changing the alignment ofthe optical fiber within the probe, or the optical fiber may berealigned prior to being disconnected.

At step 425 the optical fiber is withdrawn from the probe. At step 430the optical fiber is retracted into the probe. Retraction of the opticalfiber into the probe is an optional step and may be performed prior towithdrawal of the optical fiber from the probe. At step 435 atherapeutic device such as a syringe or a catheter is coupled to theprobe.

While the invention has been described in detail with reference topreferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in theart that various changes can be made, and equivalents employed, withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention.

1. An optical fiber probe adapter comprising: an optical fiber housing;a cavity disposed within said optical fiber housing, wherein said cavitycomprises plurality of curved surfaces; a fiber optic coupler connectedto a proximal end of said optical fiber housing; a length of opticalfiber contained within said optical fiber housing and coupled to saidfiber optic coupler, wherein said optical fiber comprises a plurality ofarcuate segments approximately conforming to said plurality of curvedsurfaces; a probe coupler connected to a distal end of said opticalfiber housing; and an optical fiber advance mechanism coupled to saidhousing.
 2. The optical fiber probe adapter of claim 1 wherein at leastone portion of said length of optical fiber has an arc length of atleast 90 degrees.
 3. The optical fiber probe adapter of claim 2 whereinat least one portion of said length of optical fiber has an arc lengthof at least 180 degrees.
 4. The optical fiber probe adapter of claim 1wherein said optical fiber advance mechanism comprises a pinch roller.5. The optical fiber probe adapter of claim 1 wherein said probe couplercomprises a portion with a conical taper.
 6. The optical fiber probeadapter of claim 1 wherein said length of optical fiber is containedwithin a cavity having at least one surface feature for housing saidoptical fiber in a curved configuration.
 7. The optical fiber probeadapter of claim 1 further comprising a cavity adjacent to said opticalfiber advance mechanism for receiving said optical fiber uponretraction.
 8. A system for positioning a probe, said system comprising:an optical coherence tomography instrument; a display coupled to saidoptical coherence tomography instrument; an optical fiber probe adaptercoupled to said optical coherence tomography instrument by a cable,wherein said optical fiber probe adapter further comprises: an opticalfiber housing; a cavity disposed within said optical fiber housing,wherein said cavity comprises a plurality of curved surfaces; a fiberoptic coupler connected to a proximal end of said optical fiber housing;a length of optical fiber contained within said optical fiber housingand coupled to said fiber optic coupler, wherein said optical fibercomprises a plurality of arcuate segments Approximately conforming tosaid plurality of curved surfaces; a probe coupler connected to a distalend of said optical fiber housing; and an optical fiber advancemechanism coupled to said housing; and a probe coupled to said opticalfiber probe adapter.
 9. The system of claim 8 wherein said probe is ahypodermic needle.
 10. The system of claim 8 wherein at least oneportion of said length of optical fiber has an arc length of at least 90degrees.
 11. The system of claim 8 wherein said optical fiber advancemechanism comprises a pinch roller.
 12. The system of claim 8 whereinsaid probe coupler comprises a portion with a conical taper.